China Nonferrous Metallurgy

Solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） is considered as an important direction to promote the utilization of renewable energy， due to its advantages of clean operation， high efficiency and fuel flexibility. Biogas is a highquality anode fuel for SOFC because of its wide sources and abundant reserves. The SOFC anode acts as a critical component for fuel oxidation， electron transfer and ion conduction， which directly determines the electrochemical performance and long-term stability of the single cell. In this paper， the working principle， technical bottleneck and recent research breakthroughs of biogas SOFC anode were systematically reviewed， and carbon deposition， sulfur poisoning and interference of tar impurities were pointed out as the three major core challenges to improve performances of SOFC. In view of the above challenges， the current researches mainly focused on three major strategies： to enhance sulfur resistance and carbon deposition resistance through nickel （Ni）-based anodes and perovskite material modifications； to optimize fuel transport pathway by anode structure design； to inhibit side reactions by combining model-based theoretical calculations with experimental investigations through thermodynamic regulation （e. g. steam reforming） and kinetic study （e. g. alkali metal doping）. Future efforts should be devoted to advancing multiphysics coupling models， innovating poison-resistant anode materials， and establishing AI-powered adaptive control systems.