Abstract:Against the backdrop of the growing demand for sustainable energy, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a global focal point for technological innovation and the transition to a green economy, owing to their prominent advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate. However, traditional LIB electrode materials are increasingly revealing limitations under stringent performance requirements like high-capacity output and high-rate charging/discharging, making it difficult to meet the development needs of future energy storage scenarios. Based on recent research advancements highlighting the irreplaceable potential of vanadium oxides in energy storage-attributed to the multi-valent reversibility of vanadium atoms enabling multi-electron reactions during lithium ion insertion/extraction, thus granting high theoretical specific capacity-this review first systematically analyzes the electrochemical properties of vanadium oxides. The V-O system phase diagram, accurately calculated using the Phase Diagram module of FactSage 8.3, provides theoretical support for material performance modulation. Subsequently, it details mainstream synthesis methods such as hydrothermal, solid-state, and electrospinning, along with modification strategies like compositing with carbon materials, elemental doping, and nanostructure construction, all aimed at enhancing material conductivity, structural stability, and cycling performance. Finally, the advantages and application potential of vanadium oxides are discussed, alongside the key challenges in practical applications, for which solutions and future prospects are proposed. This review not only offers a clearer understanding of the core characteristics of vanadium oxides-such as rich oxidation states, diverse crystal structures, and good electrochemical performance-and the fundamental rationale for their status as key candidates for LIB materials, but also elucidates how the structural features of different vanadium oxides affect their electrochemical properties, systematically summarizes synthesis methods and their regulatory effects on material performance, and precisely identifies the core challenges in practical applications while proposing potential solutions.
