Most downloaded articles
1 Study on magnetic particle grinding device with permanent magnet alternating field and experiments
YAN Yuhang
,
WANG Qingyang
,
WANG Huijiang
,
AN Linbai
,
WANG Benyu
,
HAN Yuyang
,
JIANG Jiaqi
,
DING Yunlong
,
HAN Bing
2024(1):32-35,49.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.005
Abstract:
In order to improve the effect of planar magnetic abrasive finishing, the change of magnetic field is enhanced to make the abrasive roll and renew. In this paper, a magnetic particle grinding device with permanent magnet alternating field was designed. The device uses the alternating magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet alternating pole for magnetic particle grinding processing. Software was used to simulate the permanent magnet alternating magnetic field and observe the change of magnetic induction intensity in the grinding area. During the grinding experiment, SUS304 stainless steel plate was used as workpiece, grinding time is 30min, magnetic abrasive particle size is 80 mesh, the spindle speed is 150r/min, 200r/min and 250r/min. Surface morphology and roughness of the workpiece before and after grinding were compared by using ultra depth microscope and stylus roughness measuring instrument. By comparison, it can be concluded that surface morphology of SUS304 stainless steel plate is gradually improved, nearly all the texture and pits were removed. Surface roughness is reduced from the original 0.329μm to 0.069μm, and the effect of finishing is achieved. Usage of permanent magnet alternating magnetic field magnetic particle grinding device can speed up the renewal of magnetic particles, and make the grinding track more complicated, thus improving the grinding effect and grinding efficiency.
In order to improve the effect of planar magnetic abrasive finishing, the change of magnetic field is enhanced to make the abrasive roll and renew. In this paper, a magnetic particle grinding device with permanent magnet alternating field was designed. The device uses the alternating magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet alternating pole for magnetic particle grinding processing. Software was used to simulate the permanent magnet alternating magnetic field and observe the change of magnetic induction intensity in the grinding area. During the grinding experiment, SUS304 stainless steel plate was used as workpiece, grinding time is 30min, magnetic abrasive particle size is 80 mesh, the spindle speed is 150r/min, 200r/min and 250r/min. Surface morphology and roughness of the workpiece before and after grinding were compared by using ultra depth microscope and stylus roughness measuring instrument. By comparison, it can be concluded that surface morphology of SUS304 stainless steel plate is gradually improved, nearly all the texture and pits were removed. Surface roughness is reduced from the original 0.329μm to 0.069μm, and the effect of finishing is achieved. Usage of permanent magnet alternating magnetic field magnetic particle grinding device can speed up the renewal of magnetic particles, and make the grinding track more complicated, thus improving the grinding effect and grinding efficiency.
2024(1):80-85.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.013
Abstract:
As the artificial intelligence strategy begins to explore innovative applications in various industries, the realization of intelligent operation of special logistics equipment in the metallurgical industry has become a development trend, and the application of its remote over-the-horizon control technology is the key breakthrough. The slag treatment operation in the metallurgical industry belongs to the special logistics equipment operation in the closed scene, which has the characteristics of typical logistics transportation. Once the innovation breakthrough of new application technology, it will be able to achieve the promotion and application of new technology in the entire industry, improve the work efficiency and safety level of the industry, and strengthen the operation competitiveness of enterprises. Step by step to big data and intelligent logistics based on the industrial Internet.This paper introduces the laser intelligent perception control concept on how to achieve safe, reliable and controllable operation in the holding process of the holding tank truck with the remote beyond visual range control technology, and discusses the identification and detection methods in detail, hoping to provide a technical scheme that can be used for reference to solve the safety and reliability of the holding tank truck in the holding process with the remote beyond visual range control technology.
As the artificial intelligence strategy begins to explore innovative applications in various industries, the realization of intelligent operation of special logistics equipment in the metallurgical industry has become a development trend, and the application of its remote over-the-horizon control technology is the key breakthrough. The slag treatment operation in the metallurgical industry belongs to the special logistics equipment operation in the closed scene, which has the characteristics of typical logistics transportation. Once the innovation breakthrough of new application technology, it will be able to achieve the promotion and application of new technology in the entire industry, improve the work efficiency and safety level of the industry, and strengthen the operation competitiveness of enterprises. Step by step to big data and intelligent logistics based on the industrial Internet.This paper introduces the laser intelligent perception control concept on how to achieve safe, reliable and controllable operation in the holding process of the holding tank truck with the remote beyond visual range control technology, and discusses the identification and detection methods in detail, hoping to provide a technical scheme that can be used for reference to solve the safety and reliability of the holding tank truck in the holding process with the remote beyond visual range control technology.
2024(1):62-67.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.010
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the operation situation of the existing fugitive gas collection system in the smelting workshop of Jintong Copper Industry. It points out that there are some problems in the fugitive gas collection system, such as unreasonable design of the hood and the ductlines as well as some defects in on-site management which caused low altitude environmental pollution in the workshop. By reforming the hood and the ductlines, adjusting the valve control method as well as adding emergency branches, the pollution phenomenon in the workshop has been effectively controlled, the working environment of the smelting workshop is greatly improved.
This paper analyzes the operation situation of the existing fugitive gas collection system in the smelting workshop of Jintong Copper Industry. It points out that there are some problems in the fugitive gas collection system, such as unreasonable design of the hood and the ductlines as well as some defects in on-site management which caused low altitude environmental pollution in the workshop. By reforming the hood and the ductlines, adjusting the valve control method as well as adding emergency branches, the pollution phenomenon in the workshop has been effectively controlled, the working environment of the smelting workshop is greatly improved.
2024(1):36-40.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.006
Abstract:
Grinding is one of the key operations in the beneficiation process. Traditional beneficiation plants often adjust the grinding process frequently due to fluctuations in the grindability of the ore. The adjustment of related control parameters mostly relies on manual experience. A certain beneficiation plant in the Democratic Republic of Congo has similar problems with grinding operations. After in-depth research on traditional beneficiation plant processes and the intelligent transformation and process control requirements of Congo (DRC) beneficiation, this article proposes a grinding optimization control expert system solution. Through the intelligent control strategy of grinding process flow, the production process and process equipment are transformed, achieving intelligent control and process classification optimization of the grinding process, it provides technical solutions and construction paths for the optimization and intelligent upgrading of the beneficiation plant's process flow.
Grinding is one of the key operations in the beneficiation process. Traditional beneficiation plants often adjust the grinding process frequently due to fluctuations in the grindability of the ore. The adjustment of related control parameters mostly relies on manual experience. A certain beneficiation plant in the Democratic Republic of Congo has similar problems with grinding operations. After in-depth research on traditional beneficiation plant processes and the intelligent transformation and process control requirements of Congo (DRC) beneficiation, this article proposes a grinding optimization control expert system solution. Through the intelligent control strategy of grinding process flow, the production process and process equipment are transformed, achieving intelligent control and process classification optimization of the grinding process, it provides technical solutions and construction paths for the optimization and intelligent upgrading of the beneficiation plant's process flow.
2024(1):68-74,93.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.011
Abstract:
Copper smelting plants transfer anode plates out of the furnace. A combination of forklift forklift and vehicle transportation is commonly used to transfer anode plates. The quality of anode plates is controlled by manual selection and testing, which is labor-intensive and has high operating costs. It is not conducive to enterprise production cost control.This article introduces an automatic transfer and storage production mode of anode plates. Through automatic extraction, cleaning, detection, sorting, storage and transfer operations of anode plates, automatic transfer of anode plates replaces the manual transfer operation mode, effectively reducing personnel labor intensity and reducing production. Operating costs.
Copper smelting plants transfer anode plates out of the furnace. A combination of forklift forklift and vehicle transportation is commonly used to transfer anode plates. The quality of anode plates is controlled by manual selection and testing, which is labor-intensive and has high operating costs. It is not conducive to enterprise production cost control.This article introduces an automatic transfer and storage production mode of anode plates. Through automatic extraction, cleaning, detection, sorting, storage and transfer operations of anode plates, automatic transfer of anode plates replaces the manual transfer operation mode, effectively reducing personnel labor intensity and reducing production. Operating costs.
2024(1):15-23.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.003
Abstract:
Due to the high temperature and invisibility of metallurgical furnaces, most measurement methods are limited. Therefore, this paper uses numerical simulation to analyze the flow field and mixing efficiency in the oxygen-rich copper side-blown smelting furnace at high temperature. Affected by buoyancy, the side blown airflow has regional characteristics, mainly stirring the melt directly around the upward trajectory of the airflow. There is a low-speed area in the center of the melt pool, with a speed less than 0.1m/s. Due to the backflushing of the side blowing airflow, the high-stress area on the wall is concentrated near the nozzle and around the upward path of bubbles. The wall stress in this area is 2-3 times that of the wall stress between adjacent spray guns, making the furnace lining more susceptible to damage. By analyzing the distribution of circulating currents in the molten pool, the molten pool is divided into a high-speed blowing zone and a circulating stirring zone along the axis of the spray gun. The circulating stirring zone is the main reaction zone, with a velocity of less than 1m/s, but the velocity distribution is more uniform, and the mixing time of the components is 34.10 seconds. The parallel circulation injection technology has the most significant improvement on the mixing efficiency of the molten pool, with turbulent viscosity 1.51 times that of the original operating conditions and a relative reduction of 62.18% in mixing time.
Due to the high temperature and invisibility of metallurgical furnaces, most measurement methods are limited. Therefore, this paper uses numerical simulation to analyze the flow field and mixing efficiency in the oxygen-rich copper side-blown smelting furnace at high temperature. Affected by buoyancy, the side blown airflow has regional characteristics, mainly stirring the melt directly around the upward trajectory of the airflow. There is a low-speed area in the center of the melt pool, with a speed less than 0.1m/s. Due to the backflushing of the side blowing airflow, the high-stress area on the wall is concentrated near the nozzle and around the upward path of bubbles. The wall stress in this area is 2-3 times that of the wall stress between adjacent spray guns, making the furnace lining more susceptible to damage. By analyzing the distribution of circulating currents in the molten pool, the molten pool is divided into a high-speed blowing zone and a circulating stirring zone along the axis of the spray gun. The circulating stirring zone is the main reaction zone, with a velocity of less than 1m/s, but the velocity distribution is more uniform, and the mixing time of the components is 34.10 seconds. The parallel circulation injection technology has the most significant improvement on the mixing efficiency of the molten pool, with turbulent viscosity 1.51 times that of the original operating conditions and a relative reduction of 62.18% in mixing time.
2024(1):8-14.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.002
Abstract:
弯管是化工及电力管道中容易失效的构件之一。本文通过电化学测量研究了碳钢弯管段不同入口流速（1m/s、2m/s和3m/s）下腐蚀电流密度的分布情况，并基于稳态传质电化学腐蚀结合电偶腐蚀理论建立了碳钢弯管段肘部流动加速腐蚀预测模型。试验结果表明，碳钢弯管段的腐蚀电流密度最大值出现在弯管段的最外侧，这说明弯管外侧的弯曲部位更容易发生穿孔。此外，弯管段的电偶腐蚀密度分布与试验结果和电厂实际统计情况相一致，验证了该模型的准确性。研究结果可为电力、化工等工业输运管道的设计优化和运行监测提供有效依据。
弯管是化工及电力管道中容易失效的构件之一。本文通过电化学测量研究了碳钢弯管段不同入口流速（1m/s、2m/s和3m/s）下腐蚀电流密度的分布情况，并基于稳态传质电化学腐蚀结合电偶腐蚀理论建立了碳钢弯管段肘部流动加速腐蚀预测模型。试验结果表明，碳钢弯管段的腐蚀电流密度最大值出现在弯管段的最外侧，这说明弯管外侧的弯曲部位更容易发生穿孔。此外，弯管段的电偶腐蚀密度分布与试验结果和电厂实际统计情况相一致，验证了该模型的准确性。研究结果可为电力、化工等工业输运管道的设计优化和运行监测提供有效依据。
2024(1):86-93.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.014
Abstract:
In the industrial production of zinc hydrometallurgy, zinc ash is the by-product of electrolytic cathode zinc sheet melting and impurity removal in zinc melting induction furnace. Zinc ash contains about 80% zinc, of which more than 70% zinc exists in elemental form. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of dry and wet treatment processes are compared, the key equipment selection and capacity calculation for the dry treatment process are mainly introduced, and combined with the actual production situation the process equipment is improved and perfected after production.
In the industrial production of zinc hydrometallurgy, zinc ash is the by-product of electrolytic cathode zinc sheet melting and impurity removal in zinc melting induction furnace. Zinc ash contains about 80% zinc, of which more than 70% zinc exists in elemental form. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of dry and wet treatment processes are compared, the key equipment selection and capacity calculation for the dry treatment process are mainly introduced, and combined with the actual production situation the process equipment is improved and perfected after production.
2024(1):75-79.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.012
Abstract:
The rapid development of 5G, cloud computing, AI and other ICT technologies has provided new development opportunities for traditional mines. Mines are faced with key structural problems such as insufficient resources, increasing mining difficulty, high production cost per unit of ore, and high risk of future labor force, which urgently need to be solved by digital and intelligent means. Narrow rail transportation of raw ore is an important process of mining, the deployment of unmanned electric locomotive is of great significance to the construction of intelligent mine, automatic unloading of electric locomotive in the process of unmanned operation is an important link of unmanned driving, and it is also a technical difficulty that unmanned driving needs to break through. This research applies the integration of new technologies such as “laser sensor, liDAR level meter, AI vision, radio frequency beacon, and high precision coding” to complete the complex process of automatic mine unloading of electric unmanned locomotive, which can meet the goal of electric locomotive unmanned driving and production efficiency requirements.
The rapid development of 5G, cloud computing, AI and other ICT technologies has provided new development opportunities for traditional mines. Mines are faced with key structural problems such as insufficient resources, increasing mining difficulty, high production cost per unit of ore, and high risk of future labor force, which urgently need to be solved by digital and intelligent means. Narrow rail transportation of raw ore is an important process of mining, the deployment of unmanned electric locomotive is of great significance to the construction of intelligent mine, automatic unloading of electric locomotive in the process of unmanned operation is an important link of unmanned driving, and it is also a technical difficulty that unmanned driving needs to break through. This research applies the integration of new technologies such as “laser sensor, liDAR level meter, AI vision, radio frequency beacon, and high precision coding” to complete the complex process of automatic mine unloading of electric unmanned locomotive, which can meet the goal of electric locomotive unmanned driving and production efficiency requirements.
2024(1):1-7.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.001
Abstract:
选矿厂的智能化升级转型是建设现代矿山企业的必然选择，其建设目标及实施路径与广义智能工厂建设有着显著差异。本文结合选矿厂智能化建设背景、面临的问题，探讨了选矿厂智能化的建设目标，提出了智能选矿厂的建设路径：智能装备与智能感知、过程自动化稳定运行、工艺优化控制、信息化生产管理以及与之匹配的生产组织管理体系，最后给出了选矿厂智能化建设的实施步骤建议。
选矿厂的智能化升级转型是建设现代矿山企业的必然选择，其建设目标及实施路径与广义智能工厂建设有着显著差异。本文结合选矿厂智能化建设背景、面临的问题，探讨了选矿厂智能化的建设目标，提出了智能选矿厂的建设路径：智能装备与智能感知、过程自动化稳定运行、工艺优化控制、信息化生产管理以及与之匹配的生产组织管理体系，最后给出了选矿厂智能化建设的实施步骤建议。
2024(1):41-49.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.007
Abstract:
Taking the high-speed vertical five axis machining center ram as the research object, the initial structural design principle was elaborated. Then, based on the theory of static and dynamic analysis, finite element analysis was used to conduct static and modal analysis on it. In order to further improve its dynamic characteristics, topology optimization method was used for lightweight design of the ram structure, and a comparative analysis was conducted on the structure before and after optimization. After the final optimization, the mass of the ram was reduced by 31%, and the first-order natural frequency increased by 22.4%. This study not only improves the dynamic performance of the machine tool ram components, but also achieves lightweight design of the ram components. This method lays the foundation for the optimization design of other key components and the whole machine of this type of machine tool.
Taking the high-speed vertical five axis machining center ram as the research object, the initial structural design principle was elaborated. Then, based on the theory of static and dynamic analysis, finite element analysis was used to conduct static and modal analysis on it. In order to further improve its dynamic characteristics, topology optimization method was used for lightweight design of the ram structure, and a comparative analysis was conducted on the structure before and after optimization. After the final optimization, the mass of the ram was reduced by 31%, and the first-order natural frequency increased by 22.4%. This study not only improves the dynamic performance of the machine tool ram components, but also achieves lightweight design of the ram components. This method lays the foundation for the optimization design of other key components and the whole machine of this type of machine tool.
2024(1):50-55.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.008
Abstract:
This article conducts process research and cause analysis on the damage of the impeller of the high-temperature preheater feeding pump in the high-pressure acid leaching system of a certain project's laterite nickel ore during the trial run and production process. The root cause of the problem is identified, providing a feasible basis for solving the problem, and optimizing and improving the existing operating procedures and trial run plan. The process design, equipment selection, structural design, material selection and other aspects play a qualitative role, providing guidance and reference cases for solving similar project problems.
This article conducts process research and cause analysis on the damage of the impeller of the high-temperature preheater feeding pump in the high-pressure acid leaching system of a certain project's laterite nickel ore during the trial run and production process. The root cause of the problem is identified, providing a feasible basis for solving the problem, and optimizing and improving the existing operating procedures and trial run plan. The process design, equipment selection, structural design, material selection and other aspects play a qualitative role, providing guidance and reference cases for solving similar project problems.
2024(1):56-61,67.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.009
Abstract:
The slag slow cooling process is an indispensable link in the pyrometallurgical copper smelting process. The slag slow cooling treatment system urgently needs an intelligent upgrade with the increasing demands for slag treatment technology, resource recovery and safety management. The paper analyzes the characteristics of the slag slow cooling treatment process and presents the adaptive conditions for the whole-process intelligent transformation. Through key technologies such as 5G communication networks, intelligent management and control of gantry cranes and electric flatbed carts, the independent operation and intelligent control of the entire slag transfer process have been realized. After the implementation of the project, the number of operators was reduced by nearly 60%, and the average slow-cooling cycle of the slag ladle was shortened by more than 7%, achieving good economic benefits.
The slag slow cooling process is an indispensable link in the pyrometallurgical copper smelting process. The slag slow cooling treatment system urgently needs an intelligent upgrade with the increasing demands for slag treatment technology, resource recovery and safety management. The paper analyzes the characteristics of the slag slow cooling treatment process and presents the adaptive conditions for the whole-process intelligent transformation. Through key technologies such as 5G communication networks, intelligent management and control of gantry cranes and electric flatbed carts, the independent operation and intelligent control of the entire slag transfer process have been realized. After the implementation of the project, the number of operators was reduced by nearly 60%, and the average slow-cooling cycle of the slag ladle was shortened by more than 7%, achieving good economic benefits.
2024(1):24-31.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2024.01.004
Abstract:
In practical engineering, the flue tube group within the waste heat boilers is frequently worn by scouring of the flue gas. To deal with this situation, the experts usually using several adding fins to protect the tube group, which could reduce the scouring of flue gas. However, the design of the adding fins, including the number and the position is mostly based on experience, which lacks of theoretical support and verification. In this article, the influence of adding fins on the flow field of the flue gas is studied by CFD simulation. Furthermore the optimizes design of the fins is achieved by analysing simulation results.The simulation results show that the addition of fins to the tube group has a diversion effect on the flue gas, which can improve the flow uniformity of the flue gas in the pipeline, and at the same time, the fine design of the width and height of the fins can further improve the flue gas flow uniformity and improve the heat exchange efficiency between the flue gas and the tube group.
In practical engineering, the flue tube group within the waste heat boilers is frequently worn by scouring of the flue gas. To deal with this situation, the experts usually using several adding fins to protect the tube group, which could reduce the scouring of flue gas. However, the design of the adding fins, including the number and the position is mostly based on experience, which lacks of theoretical support and verification. In this article, the influence of adding fins on the flow field of the flue gas is studied by CFD simulation. Furthermore the optimizes design of the fins is achieved by analysing simulation results.The simulation results show that the addition of fins to the tube group has a diversion effect on the flue gas, which can improve the flow uniformity of the flue gas in the pipeline, and at the same time, the fine design of the width and height of the fins can further improve the flue gas flow uniformity and improve the heat exchange efficiency between the flue gas and the tube group.
2025(4):16-30.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2025.04.002
Abstract:
煤炭作为我国主体消耗能源，随着浅部资源枯竭，开采深度和规模增加，矿井突水灾害成为制约煤矿安全生产的重大隐患，约80%的矿井突水事故与断裂构造相关。本文聚焦采动情况下承压含水层工作面断层引发的底板突水问题，在底板裂隙岩石损伤破坏特征方面，总结了基于损伤特性和渗流特性的裂隙岩体研究成果；对于断层诱发底板突水机理，阐述了底板断层采动受力特征及突水机理；在承压含水层工作面底板断层防突水技术上，介绍了防突水措施、突水性评价和预测的研究进展。同时指出当前研究在底板裂隙岩体损伤渗流多场耦合机制、底板断层突水机理以及智能监测预警装备与治理技术等方面存在不足，为煤矿防治水的发展提供理论依据。
煤炭作为我国主体消耗能源，随着浅部资源枯竭，开采深度和规模增加，矿井突水灾害成为制约煤矿安全生产的重大隐患，约80%的矿井突水事故与断裂构造相关。本文聚焦采动情况下承压含水层工作面断层引发的底板突水问题，在底板裂隙岩石损伤破坏特征方面，总结了基于损伤特性和渗流特性的裂隙岩体研究成果；对于断层诱发底板突水机理，阐述了底板断层采动受力特征及突水机理；在承压含水层工作面底板断层防突水技术上，介绍了防突水措施、突水性评价和预测的研究进展。同时指出当前研究在底板裂隙岩体损伤渗流多场耦合机制、底板断层突水机理以及智能监测预警装备与治理技术等方面存在不足，为煤矿防治水的发展提供理论依据。
2025, 39(6):62-67.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2025.06.008
Abstract:
A copper smelting enterprise in Guangxi faced issues such as low thermal utilization efficiency of its 450t tilting furnace, short service life of refractory bricks in the oxidation-reduction zone (only 7 months), poor operation of the exhaust gas system, and long material-adding and heating cycles (over 16 hours). The study, combining the characteristics of cold material processing technology, proposes a multi-dimensional optimization plan and verifies it through practical implementation.The main technical solutions focus on improving efficiency as follows: 1) implementing material-adding control based on raw material composition, optimizing the division of labor through dual material-adding doors; 2) adding 4 top combustion guns to enhance thermal field uniformity; 3) enabling high-low position switching of oxygen-deficient combustion guns; 4) installing cast copper water jackets for cooling in the oxidation-reduction zone; 5) modifying the exhaust gas system to use copper water jacket flues and adding water-cooled heat exchangers. Through a series of optimized modifications, the service life of the furnace refractory bricks was extended to 11~13 months, thermal utilization efficiency increased by 20 percentage points; the material-adding and heating cycle was shortened by 3.5~4 hours; the exhaust gas system operated smoothly. At the same time, the pass rate of anode plates was improved, slag production was reduced, operational efficiency and production capacity were increased, and maintenance costs were lowered. The study solves the core points of the tilting furnace through synergistic optimization of process, equipment and thermal engineering, reduces energy consumption costs, and provides empirical reference for low-carbon transformation of similar equipment in the industry.
A copper smelting enterprise in Guangxi faced issues such as low thermal utilization efficiency of its 450t tilting furnace, short service life of refractory bricks in the oxidation-reduction zone (only 7 months), poor operation of the exhaust gas system, and long material-adding and heating cycles (over 16 hours). The study, combining the characteristics of cold material processing technology, proposes a multi-dimensional optimization plan and verifies it through practical implementation.The main technical solutions focus on improving efficiency as follows: 1) implementing material-adding control based on raw material composition, optimizing the division of labor through dual material-adding doors; 2) adding 4 top combustion guns to enhance thermal field uniformity; 3) enabling high-low position switching of oxygen-deficient combustion guns; 4) installing cast copper water jackets for cooling in the oxidation-reduction zone; 5) modifying the exhaust gas system to use copper water jacket flues and adding water-cooled heat exchangers. Through a series of optimized modifications, the service life of the furnace refractory bricks was extended to 11~13 months, thermal utilization efficiency increased by 20 percentage points; the material-adding and heating cycle was shortened by 3.5~4 hours; the exhaust gas system operated smoothly. At the same time, the pass rate of anode plates was improved, slag production was reduced, operational efficiency and production capacity were increased, and maintenance costs were lowered. The study solves the core points of the tilting furnace through synergistic optimization of process, equipment and thermal engineering, reduces energy consumption costs, and provides empirical reference for low-carbon transformation of similar equipment in the industry.
2025, 39(6):1-9.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2025.06.001
Abstract:
Steel slag is the main by-product in the steelmaking process, and the development of its treatment and utilization technology has received widespread attention. Given the importance of green and sustainable development in the steel industry, it is particularly important to find an efficient and clean comprehensive utilization technology for steel slag. Based on above, this paper reviews the principles, research progress, and application status of existing processes from three aspects: primary treatment, secondary treatment, and resource utilization of steel slag. It also looks forward to the difficulties, challenges, and prospects faced by current research in industrial production. In primary treatment, the fourth-generation high-efficiency pressurized tank-based thermal quenching technology and equipment for molten steel slag have been widely adopted by major steel companies both domestically and internationally, achieving a domestic market share of over 90% and a slag treatment rate of up to 99%. In secondary treatment, electromagnetic separation technology is employed, which doubles the recovery rate of slag iron content, compared to systems without a magnetic field. The paper aims to provide a reference for further in-depth research on steel slag treatment and resource utilization.
Steel slag is the main by-product in the steelmaking process, and the development of its treatment and utilization technology has received widespread attention. Given the importance of green and sustainable development in the steel industry, it is particularly important to find an efficient and clean comprehensive utilization technology for steel slag. Based on above, this paper reviews the principles, research progress, and application status of existing processes from three aspects: primary treatment, secondary treatment, and resource utilization of steel slag. It also looks forward to the difficulties, challenges, and prospects faced by current research in industrial production. In primary treatment, the fourth-generation high-efficiency pressurized tank-based thermal quenching technology and equipment for molten steel slag have been widely adopted by major steel companies both domestically and internationally, achieving a domestic market share of over 90% and a slag treatment rate of up to 99%. In secondary treatment, electromagnetic separation technology is employed, which doubles the recovery rate of slag iron content, compared to systems without a magnetic field. The paper aims to provide a reference for further in-depth research on steel slag treatment and resource utilization.
2025, 39(6):24-34.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2025.06.003
Abstract:
With the development of new energy vehicles in the world, the demand for nickel and cobalt resources for ternary lithium-ion batteries has increased, and low-grade laterite nickel ore has become one of the important nickel and cobalt resources. The nickel and cobalt in the laterite nickel ore are mainly in the form of metal oxides, and the metal nickel grade is relatively low. High pressure acid leaching (HPAL) technology processes laterite nickel ores under high temperature, high pressure, and concentrated sulfuric acid conditions, efficiently leaching nickel and cobalt ions and allowing them to enter the solution in the form of sulfates, thereby achieving metal enrichment and purification through neutralization, precipitation, and other processes. The paper analyzes the resources and characteristics of laterite nickel ore, outlines the smelting technologies of laterite nickel ore (HPAL, medium temperature acid leaching/ammonia leaching, rotary kiln electric furnace (RKEF), and rotary kiln direct reduction-magnetic separation (R/S)), analyzes the process principle, technical advantages, and application prospects of HPAL smelting technology, and focuses on analyzing the influencing factors of iron and aluminum neutralization. HPAL technology not only improves the recovery rate of nickel and cobalt, but also reduces the emission of waste gas and wastewater during the smelting process, providing new ideas for the enrichment and extraction of low-grade laterite nickel ore.
With the development of new energy vehicles in the world, the demand for nickel and cobalt resources for ternary lithium-ion batteries has increased, and low-grade laterite nickel ore has become one of the important nickel and cobalt resources. The nickel and cobalt in the laterite nickel ore are mainly in the form of metal oxides, and the metal nickel grade is relatively low. High pressure acid leaching (HPAL) technology processes laterite nickel ores under high temperature, high pressure, and concentrated sulfuric acid conditions, efficiently leaching nickel and cobalt ions and allowing them to enter the solution in the form of sulfates, thereby achieving metal enrichment and purification through neutralization, precipitation, and other processes. The paper analyzes the resources and characteristics of laterite nickel ore, outlines the smelting technologies of laterite nickel ore (HPAL, medium temperature acid leaching/ammonia leaching, rotary kiln electric furnace (RKEF), and rotary kiln direct reduction-magnetic separation (R/S)), analyzes the process principle, technical advantages, and application prospects of HPAL smelting technology, and focuses on analyzing the influencing factors of iron and aluminum neutralization. HPAL technology not only improves the recovery rate of nickel and cobalt, but also reduces the emission of waste gas and wastewater during the smelting process, providing new ideas for the enrichment and extraction of low-grade laterite nickel ore.
2025(4):1-15.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2025.04.001
Abstract:
碳封存（CCS）技术作为应对气候变化的关键手段，其安全性与高效监测技术紧密相关。本文深入剖析了光纤监测技术在碳封存领域的应用现状，尤其聚焦于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）与分布式声波传感（DAS）技术。FBG技术凭借高精度测量应变、温度等参数的优势，可实时监测储层压力与泄漏风险；DAS技术则利用其分布式声波感知能力，动态追踪CO2羽流迁移及诱发地震活动。通过多技术融合，如光纤与地震、化学监测的协同，显著提升了监测系统的综合性能，实现了对封存过程的全方位覆盖。然而，光纤监测技术在高温高压环境下的适应性、低频信号敏感性不足以及经济性等方面仍面临挑战。未来，需通过优化传感器设计、开发智能算法、推动标准化应用等途径，提升技术可靠性与规模化潜力，为碳封存安全提供坚实保障。
碳封存（CCS）技术作为应对气候变化的关键手段，其安全性与高效监测技术紧密相关。本文深入剖析了光纤监测技术在碳封存领域的应用现状，尤其聚焦于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）与分布式声波传感（DAS）技术。FBG技术凭借高精度测量应变、温度等参数的优势，可实时监测储层压力与泄漏风险；DAS技术则利用其分布式声波感知能力，动态追踪CO2羽流迁移及诱发地震活动。通过多技术融合，如光纤与地震、化学监测的协同，显著提升了监测系统的综合性能，实现了对封存过程的全方位覆盖。然而，光纤监测技术在高温高压环境下的适应性、低频信号敏感性不足以及经济性等方面仍面临挑战。未来，需通过优化传感器设计、开发智能算法、推动标准化应用等途径，提升技术可靠性与规模化潜力，为碳封存安全提供坚实保障。
2025, 39(6):55-61.
DOI: 10.19611/j.cnki.cn11-2919/tg.2025.06.007
Abstract:
In the process of lithium extraction from old brine, the extraction method has the advantages of high selectivity and high yield in boron extraction from old brine in salt lakes. An extraction experiment was conducted on boron from brine of a salt lake in Qinghai Province, and the extraction mechanism of boron and the optimal extraction and stripping conditions were determined. The research results indicate that the boric acid extraction process is an esterification reaction process, and the esterification reaction between C8H18O and H3BO3 produces a cosolvent, namely 2C8H17O—B—OH. At an acidity pH value of ~1.5 in the extraction solution, the organic phase was composed of 50% isooctanol and 50% sulfonated kerosene. Compared with O/A=1, the concentration of boric acid loaded on the organic phase after a single extraction was 18.08g/L, and the single-stage extraction rate of boric acid was 92.94%. When the actual concentration of loaded organic phase boric acid is 51.49g/L, the stripping rate is 78.06% compared to O/A=1, and the boric acid concentration in the stripping solution is 40.19g/L.The study aims to provide theoretical basis and data support for the industrial design of boron extraction.
In the process of lithium extraction from old brine, the extraction method has the advantages of high selectivity and high yield in boron extraction from old brine in salt lakes. An extraction experiment was conducted on boron from brine of a salt lake in Qinghai Province, and the extraction mechanism of boron and the optimal extraction and stripping conditions were determined. The research results indicate that the boric acid extraction process is an esterification reaction process, and the esterification reaction between C8H18O and H3BO3 produces a cosolvent, namely 2C8H17O—B—OH. At an acidity pH value of ~1.5 in the extraction solution, the organic phase was composed of 50% isooctanol and 50% sulfonated kerosene. Compared with O/A=1, the concentration of boric acid loaded on the organic phase after a single extraction was 18.08g/L, and the single-stage extraction rate of boric acid was 92.94%. When the actual concentration of loaded organic phase boric acid is 51.49g/L, the stripping rate is 78.06% compared to O/A=1, and the boric acid concentration in the stripping solution is 40.19g/L.The study aims to provide theoretical basis and data support for the industrial design of boron extraction.
