NOUFERROUS METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT

Abstract:The intelligent upgrading of producing departments and construction of newquality productive forces in the non-ferrous metal industry are not only the development direction of smelting enterprises and industry, but also the development requirements of national strategical mineral resource security and ecological environment protection. In order to promote the construction of an intelligent non-ferrous metal smelting factory, this paper takes the zinc smelting which is typical and difficult in hydrometallurgy as the research object. Based on the production process of zinc hydrometallurgy and the development status of zinc smelting enterprises, the construction goal of intelligent smelter for zinc is proposed, and the construction content is analyzed in detail. Through the above research, it can be concluded that the construction of intelligent zinc smelter will bring revolutionary changes to the zinc hydrometallurgy industry, and promote the improvement of production technology level for bulk non-ferrous metals such as zinc, copper, lead, manganese in hydrometallurgy industry in China. By building the intelligent zinc smelter, it will have a huge promoting effect on the formation and development of newquality productive forces in domestic non-ferrous metal smelting industry.

Abstract:Na₃(VOPO₄)₂F (NVOPF) has emerged as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high specific capacity of up to 130mAh/g, an operating voltage of approximately 3.9V, and excellent structural stability (less than 2% volume change). Extensive research has been conducted to enhance the sodium-storage performance of NVOPF, including hybridization with various conductive carbon materials, design of micro-morphology, and anions-and cations-doping modifications. This paper focuses on the synthesis methods and the intrinsic principles of NVOPF, aiming to deepen the understanding of the research process surrounding this material. Additionally, we provide an in-depth explanation of the unique microstructure of NVOPF and its intrinsic relationship with sodium-storage performance. The paper not only details the current research status of NVOPF cathode materials, including milestones achieved and existing limitations, but also anticipates future development directions for this material. We hope that high-performance NVOPF cathode materials can be successfully applied in practical scenarios, leading to new breakthroughs and advancements in the field of energy storage.

Abstract:In this paper, using spent 18650 ternary lithium-ion batteries as raw materials, the changes of valuable metal content and phase composition during comminution and pyrolysis were investigated by carrying out multi-stage crushing process and pyrolysis process, and the concentrations of HF gas and VOCs gas generated in the pretreatment process were measured. The results show plastic film, copper and aluminum powder, metal shell and black powder can be effectively separated from waste batteries by multi-stage crushing process. The black powder has an unsatisfactory effect on the removal of fluorine and phosphorus in the materials after pyrolysis process. With the increase of pyrolysis reaction temperature, the characteristic peaks of metal nickel and metal cobalt appear in the pyrolysis products. After treatment by ‘activated carbon + alkali absorption’ device, the maximum removal rate of HF and VOCs gas from pyrolysis tail gas was 85.94% and 84.08%, respectively. The pyrolysis products obtained by pyrolysis pretreatment can be directly fed into the wet process to further recover lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and other valuable metal elements. The experimental phenomena and conclusions of this study can provide some reference and guidance for the design of industrial production.

Abstract:To address the limitations of existing arylboronic acid-based fluorescent probes, such as relatively slow response time, low sensitivity, and short excitation wavelengths, this study presents ade novo design and synthetic approach. Utilizing a “three-in-one” strategy, we expanded the π-conjugated system of the aryl group in the fluorescent probes. The newly developed probe exhibits a maximum excitation wavelength of 365nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 420nm in 10mM HEPES buffer. It achieves an impressive detection limit of 0.6 ppb for divalent mercury (Hg2+) with a response time of less than 1 minute, and a detection limit of 2.8 ppb for methylmercury (CH3Hg+) with a response time of under 8 minutes. Importantly, the probe maintains excellent performance in real water samples, including tap water, river water, and groundwater, achieving detection limits as low as 5 ppb for Hg2+ and CH3Hg+. This work provides a promising strategy for developing highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probes for the detection of mercury and methylmercury ions.

Abstract:Micro-fracture seepage damage is an important influencing factor in the formation of the dominant path of fault water inrush. In this paper, by constructing a three-dimensional single fracture seepage model, the influence of different particle size and incident velocity on the erosion damage of single fracture wall is explored. The results show that there is a power function relationship between particle incident velocity, particle size and average erosion rate. The erosion rate of single fracture increases under the action of high-speed particles and large-size particles, and the influence size is: particle incident velocity ＞ particle size. Under the action of hydraulic action and particle abrasion, the more serious period of fracture damage is mainly concentrated in the stage of fracture development.

Abstract:This paper analyzed the common faults in the aluminum electrolysis workshop, and identified the risk sources. The LEC evaluation method is used to assign values to the probability of accidents (L) of hazard sources, the frequency of personnel exposed to hazardous environments (E), and the possible consequences once an accident occurs. The danger (D) of the three scores was calculated, and the risk level of the risk source was obtained as level 1 or level 2, and the targeted prevention measures were proposed for the different risk levels of the danger source, and the equipment technical transformation method was proposed for the aluminum electrolysis multi-functional crane laser anti-collision control system, which makes it adapt to the harsh environment of strong electromagnetic field interference, strong hydrogen fluoride corrosion, high temperature and dust in aluminum electrolysis workshop, in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of aluminum electrolysis multi-functional crane safety production accidents.

Abstract:The adhesion of dust in the upward flue during the copper smelting process significantly influenced the stability and safety of production, and the issue of dust adhesion had become one of the most common problems faced by copper-making enterprises. Focusing on a specific flash smelting furnace, a numerical simulation and analysis of the flue gas flow process at the connection between the current flash smelting furnace settler outlet and the flue were conducted. By comparing the characteristics of the flue gas flow process under different structures, the following results were discovered: when an arched acceleration-type flue connection structure was used in the simulation, dust adhesion in the flue primarily occurred in the recirculation zone on the same side as the settler outlet and near the high-velocity zone on the opposite wall. This result was consistent with the main locations of adhesion phenomena found during on-site furnace maintenance. In comparison, when a horizontal connection structure was used between the settler outlet and the riser shaft, the high-velocity areas in the flue were reduced. The maximum flue gas velocity decreased by 18.8%, resulting in better flue gas flow. Additionally, the analysis of the particle phase revealed that under the flat-top structure design, the amount of dust particles in the flue decreased by 9.5%, indicating that this structure can mitigate the adhesion of dust within the flue to a certain extent.

Abstract:Addressing the challenge of measuring road conditions in open-pit mines, an online evaluation method for mine road conditions based on driver behavior has been proposed. This method is fundamentally based on the assumption that poorer road conditions lead to more frequent driver operations. It uses input from the accelerator and brake pedals during driving as basic data. Given the characteristics of high amplitude and low frequency in drivers routine operation signals, the Fast Fourier Transform is employed to filter out these routine operations. Based on the filtered results, the drivers control power is used to represent the difficulty of driving on a particular road segment, forming an individual perception of the road by the driver. To reduce the randomness in the evaluation process, the Bayesian scoring method is adopted to obtain a comprehensive score for the road. Field studies have shown that the basic assumption that poorer road conditions result in more frequent driver operations is reasonable, and the online evaluation algorithm for road conditions based on driver behavior is effective.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem that full-automatic bridge crane controlled by frequency converter and programmable logic controller (PLC) swings due to inertia and wind load during handling, this paper puts forward a multi-speed anti-swing and precise positioning control method for bridge crane. By studying the actual working condition, automatic positioning, anti-swing algorithm and control program development of crane, a mathematical model of multi-speed curve is established, and a PLC anti-swing control program is developed. The control program is embedded in the main control program of crane, and the crane is controlled by frequency converter when positioning and moving. The control method has been tested and applied in the grab crane of iron and steel metallurgy cyclone pool. The positioning accuracy and anti-swing effect meet the requirements of the full-automatic bridge crane for slag grabbing in cyclone pool, which improves the working efficiency of the crane and reduces the safety risk.

Abstract:With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the market demand for nickel sulfate, a key raw material for batteries, has been continuously expanding. Nickel matte refining, as an important approach to obtaining raw materials such as nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate, features a complex production process and has stringent requirements for system control and data management. To address this, this paper designs a production system with a four-layer architecture in combination with the production characteristics of nickel matte refining. Specifically, the L0 layer integrates field instruments, electrical equipment and PLC control systems, responsible for basic data collection and preliminary equipment control. The DCS system in the L1 layer coordinates the management and control of the production process. The L2 layer, which is a data acquisition system, takes charge of data acquisition and storage. And the MES system in the L3 layer is utilized for refined management and decision-making. This paper mainly introduces the key points of the structural design of the L0~L2 layers, defines the data types of OPC UA communication between the L1~L2 layers, ensuring efficient and accurate data interaction. Currently, this system has been successfully put into operation. It can achieve remote real-time monitoring of the production site, remote and automatic control of local equipment, automatically collect and store all production data, and stably provide data sources for the MES system. Finally, optimization strategies are also proposed for the existing structure to reduce interference, strengthen redundancy, and improve the reliability of the system connection.

Abstract:This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the blue sulfate crystalline substances adhering to the bottom edges of ISA cathode copper after washing, investigating their causes of formation, and subsequently improved the existing washing process. By optimizing the washing facilities on the cathode stripping unit, the quality of cathode copper washing was significantly enhanced without affecting the units operational efficiency, and the generation of blue sulfate crystalline substances was substantially reduced. The improved process drastically reduced the amount of bottom blue impurities adhering from over 90% to below 5%, and the proportion of cathode copper blocks with exuded blue impurities after prolonged storage also decreased from over 60% to below 20%, with the degree of blue impurities adhering to each block noticeably alleviated. This achievement provides strong support for enhancing the quality of cathode copper products.

Abstract:Addressing the high energy consumption issue in the electrowinning process of zinc hydrometallurgy, this paper employs industrial big data technology to deeply analyze the current and voltage variation characteristics of the anode and cathode plates. Innovatively, it proposes the construction of an energy-saving system for zinc electrowinning based on the integration of the Internet of Things and industrial big data. This system is applied to the control and management of electrolytic tanks in the production workshop, effectively tackling challenges such as dispersed power usage points, numerous locations, lagging data collection and analysis, and low production guidance efficiency. By realizing such functions as automatic data collection, automatic short-circuit detection and localization, production prediction, and precise guidance, the system significantly enhances current efficiency and reduces product energy consumption, providing strong technical support for energy saving and consumption reduction in the zinc electrowinning industry.

Abstract:As a deep denitrification wastewater treatment technology, denitrification filter integrates denitrification and filtration, and can simultaneously remove suspended solids and total nitrogen in wastewater. It has been successfully applied in the advanced treatment of wastewater treatment plant. This article discusses the research progress of denitrification filters and introduces the process design of of denitrification filters in advanced treatment of wastewater treatment plant through engineering examples, including design points, design calculations and system design. The operating results show using DeniforV deep denitrification V-type filter and sodium acetate as a supplementary carbon source, the average removal rate of TN in the filter reaches 48.5%, and the effluent TN is less than 15mg/L.This article systematically summarizes the influencing factors and design points of denitrification filters, providing a reference for the design of advanced wastewater treatment.

Abstract:To address the challenge of rapidly completing CNC turning for the hot-runner thin-walled sleeve component, this paper formulated a reasonable CNC turning process based on the machining requirements of the part. Appropriate clamping solutions, tool types, and efficient cutting parameters were selected to ensure the smooth progress of the machining task. Through CNC turning trial machining, when the spindle speed was 2000r/min, the depth of cut was 0.15mm, and the feed rate was 0.08mm/r, the design specifications on the drawings were met. The adoption of a reasonable CNC turning process, soft-jaw auxiliary clamping, and coated cemented carbide tools not only guaranteed the machining dimensions and surface quality of the part but also effectively prevented part deformation, enhancing production efficiency. This paper provides practical evidence for the machining of similar components.

Abstract:In the process of mine filling and mining operations, the strength of the filling body in the goaf is directly related to the safety, stability, and economic efficiency of the mine. In response to the current issue where the strength of the filling body in filling engineering fails to meet design requirements, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the working characteristics of commonly used filling slurry mixing equipment and systematically investigates the types and composition ratios of different filling aggregates. Based on this, an innovative“high-efficiency activation + low-speed mixing” combined slurry mixing process is proposed. This process formulates corresponding mixing methods for filling slurries composed of different aggregates, significantly enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of the slurry preparation system. The research findings provide an effective technical approach for improving the strength of the filling body, ensuring the safety and economic efficiency of the mine, and hold high reference value for the industry.