NOUFERROUS METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT

Abstract:In this paper, in order to significantly improve the level of intelligent construction in domestic mines, we successfully propose an updated technology for large-scale mining high and low voltage cabinet equipment by drawing on power IoT technology, edge computing technology, bus communication technology, control technology, intelligent power distribution and other technologies after more than 10 years of concentrated research and development and engineering verification. The technology enables the power system to use a unified communication interface for external connection according to CBA technical standards, solving the problems of “control island” and “data chimney” in mines. It lays a solid foundation for intelligent decision-making and linkage control among production systems, auxiliary systems, and safety monitoring systems, and provides a feasible updating technology for the replacement of large-scale mining high and low voltage cabinet equipment for mining enterprises.

Abstract:This paper investigates and studies the application of double locomotive traction technology of existing mine rail transport electric locomotive，analyzes and discusses the application background, process characteristics, key technologies and current application of double locomotive traction transportation mode in mine rail transportation system. It mainly summarizes the application of communication technology, linkage control technology and load balancing technology of double locomotive traction. From the aspects of control continuity, braking distance, scheduling efficiency and transportation adaptability, the advantages and disadvantages and application prospects of the double locomotive traction transportation mode are discussed and summarized, which provides a certain reference basis for the unmanned and intelligent design and transformation implementation of the mine rail transportation system.

Abstract:The running route of the electric locomotive for mine rail transportation in China covers the underground electric locomotive track in the mine, and the transmission mode of wired communication cannot be used to collect and control all the data on the electric locomotive. The data that the locomotive needs to communicate with the control room includes voice data, locomotive positioning data, control data, video data, etc. The traditional communication mode of most electric locomotives only uses WiFi wireless communication technology, which cannot ensure the stable and reliable transmission of various industrial data on mobile electric locomotives. In this paper, a variety of transmission modes of wireless communication of unmanned electric locomotives are studied, and according to the moving scenarios of mine electric locomotives, a wireless communication data transmission mode with high stability, high reliability, economic and practical, and easy expansion and maintenance suitable for intelligent mine unmanned electric locomotives is proposed.

Abstract:Dump truck is the main tool for transporting minerals and rocks in mines, playing an important role in open-pit mining production. In recent years, the assessment indicators for energy conservation, emission reduction, and intelligent technology in mines have become increasingly strict. With the rapid development of battery technology and unmanned technology, unmanned electric trucks have also carried out experiments and applications in the field of mining. This paper carried out practical investigation and status analysis on the application of unmanned electric dump trucks in open-pit mines, listed application examples to illustrate the advantages and economic value of unmanned electric dump trucks compared with traditional fuel dump trucks in mining applications, and sorted out the application situation of unmanned dump trucks. It provides reference for the related research and application of unmanned electric dump truck technology.

Abstract:Non-ferrous metallurgical wastewater has high concentrations and complex pollutants, which must be effectively treated before discharge. The bioreactor is a commonly used non-ferrous metallurgical wastewater treatment equipment, but the research progress of different reactors lacks a summary and comparison. This review of bioreactors is pointed out by bibliometric analysis, and it is ascertained that bioreactor is one of the hot technologies in the future. In addition, the three representative bioreactors membrane bioreactor (MBR), moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and biological filter (BF) are systematically reviewed and compared, and their respective applicable scenarios, strengthening measures and future research directions are proposed. This study systematically summarizes the research characteristics of MBBR, MBR and BF, and provides a reference for selecting devices to treat non-ferrous metallurgical wastewater.

Abstract:The rapid development of nuclear energy has generated a large amount of low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater, and U(VI) in water will cause harm to human body and ecological environment. With the emphasis on environmental protection in China, research and development of green, low-cost, and efficient water treatment technologies for removing U(VI) in water has become a key direction. This study investigates and evaluates various prevalent U(VI) water treatment technologies, encompassing methods such as chemical precipitation, evaporation concentration, ion exchange, membrane filtration, extraction processes, electrochemical treatment, photocatalysis, phytoremediation, and adsorption. Through the detailed analysis and problem elucidation, this research aims to offer technical and theoretical insights for enhancing U(VI) treatment in water.

Abstract:In order to solve the problems of low leaching rate and safety and environmental protection in the current process of indium extraction from lead-bearing soot, a new process of indium recovery from lead-bearing soot by two-stage mixed acid leaching with full-wet process was proposed.The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-solid ratio, reaction time and different sulfuric acid initial acid concentration on indium leaching rate during lead-bearing soot leaching were studied.The results indicated that the leaching process conditions were as follows: a liquid-solid ratio of 8∶1, sulfuric acid concentration of 150g/L, hydrochloric acid concentration of40g/L, reaction temperature of 90℃, and a reaction time of 4h. The conditions for the two-stage leaching process were as follows: a liquid-solid ratio of 4∶1, initial sulfuric acid concentration of 300g/L, initial hydrochloric acid concentration of40g/L, reaction temperature at 90℃ with an indium leaching rate at 81.18%, leaching residue containing indium at 0.25%, and low-acid leaching liquid output meeting the purification process requirements. Following the industrial implementation of the lead-soot two-stage mixed acid leaching process, there is a potential increase in crude indium production by approximately 3.63 tons per year and an associated rise in economic benefits by about 5.5361 million yuan, demonstrating significant potential for widespread application.

Abstract:In order to solve the problems of outdated equipment, small specifications, large quantity, difficult production and maintenance, high maintenance costs, low labor productivity and high operating costs in the crushing and grinding system of a certain pyrite beneficiation plant in Guangdong, technical transformation and optimization research on the crushing and grinding system were carried out. Through the study of regular crushing-ball mill grinding, HPGR-ball mill grinding and SAG mill-ball mill, the optimal implementation plan is determined to be SAG mill-ball mill process, namely coarse crushing-SAG mill-ball milling (CSAB). After adopting this crushing and grinding process, the unit ore cost is reduced by 11.96 yuan/t. At the same time, it can significantly improve the working environment, enhance safety level, reduce staffing, significantly increase labor productivity, reduce maintenance workload, better ensure the stability of enterprise production, and create better economic and social benefits.

Abstract:In this paper, the 110kV XLPE power cable is taken as the research object, and the service of the cable for 13 years under different laying methods is compared. In order to characterize the deterioration of XLPE insulating materials, this paper used a variety of research methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), broadband dielectric spectroscopy and power frequency breakdown test. The results show that the microstructure and macroscopic properties of XLPE cable insulation in service for 13 years are significantly degraded compared with those in non-service cables, as follows: XLPE molecular chains are broken, polar groups such as C[FY=，1]O, C[FY=，1]C and —OH are increased, the melting temperature and crystallinity are lower in direct burial and drain laying, and the melting temperature and crystallinity are higher in cable trench laying. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss have increased, and the frequency breakdown field strength has decreased. Among them, the structure and performance of the cable insulation laid in the row pipe has a faster rate of deterioration, the direct burial laying is the second, and the cable trench laying has the slowest rate of deterioration. The reason for this difference is that the trench laid cable has the best heat dissipation conditions and the lowest cable operating temperature with the same applied current, while the duct laid cable has the worst heat dissipation conditions and the highest cable operating temperature.

Abstract:The composition of lepidolite ore is complex, and the associated tantalum and niobium are easily crushed and overground, which makes the comprehensive recovery of these resources difficult. Based on the technological mineralogy study of a tantalum-niobium-lepidolite polymetallic ore, the comprehensive recovery test of valuable components in the ore was carried out by the combined process of gravity separation and flotation. The results show that: under the condition of raw ore with Li₂O grade 0.65% and (Ta, Nb) ₂O₅ grade 0.016%, the gravity separation process of spiral chute roughing, shaker roughing and shaker selection is carried out, and then the gravity separation tailings are processed by flotation, with sodium carbonate as pH regulator, sodium hexametaphosphate as inhibitor, and BK426 as lepidolite collector. In the flotation concentrate, most of the monomers of lepidolite are dissociated, and some of the mica is soaked in feldspar, quartz and clay-containing iron oxide silt, which is difficult to dissociate in the grinding process. Finally, tantalum niobium concentrate with a grade of (Ta, Nb) ₂O₅ is obtained with a recovery rate of 36.15%. With Li₂O grade of 4.63% and recovery rate of 93.29%, the comprehensive recovery of valuable components of the polymetallic ore has been achieved.

Abstract:The domestic iron ore grade is on the low side as a whole, and along with the mining depth dilution rate presents the upward trend, has increased the mineral processing cost obviously, has restricted the iron ore enterprise's sustainable development. Therefore, “More crushing, less grinding, can cast early cast” is still an important guiding principle for the design and transformation of beneficiation process in iron mines. At present, the crushing size of iron ore tends to be fine, (ultra) fine crushing has become the main crushing technology, the content of fine powder increases, the adhesion, inclusion and agglomeration between coarse ore and fine powder are easy to occur, the effect of conventional dry pre-selection equipment is not good. In order to solve the above problems, this paper introduces a kind of rotary magnetic field dry cleaning technology, which can realize high frequency magnetic flip by the fast asynchronous rotation of the cylinder and the magnetic system, and can effectively break up the agglomerate, and reduce the occurence of adhesion and inclusion, the test results show that it can improve the separation index remarkably, and has a broad application prospect in the pre-concentration section of iron ore (ultra-fine) crushing.

Abstract:With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, energy storage systems and other industries, the demand for cobalt continues to grow, making cobalt recovery particularly important. Sulfur and cobalt concentrate is a powdered mineral obtained by processing raw vanadium and titanium magnetite ore through crushing, grinding, iron beneficiation, sulfur flotation, etc. The main components are sulfur and iron, and it also contains precious metals such as cobalt, copper and nickel. Sulfur cobalt concentrate is one of the main raw materials for the production of cobalt products, but the cobalt content in it is usually low, which needs to be further processed and recovered to improve its utilization value.Thestudy focuses on the characteristics of cobalt sulfide concentrate, which has extremely low cobalt grade and complex element occurrence state. The oxygen pressure leaching process was adopted, and the results show with a leaching temperature controlled at 160±5℃, a leaching oxygen partial pressure of 1.2MPa, a reaction time of 2h, a liquid-solid ratio of 4∶1, and an initial acid concentration of 16%. Under these conditions, the leaching rates of cobalt, copper, iron, and sulfur reach 78.5%, 75.4%, 32.7%, and 31.4%, respectively. The direct economic benefit of disposing of one ton of cobalt sulfide concentrate was $30.36. Calculated based on the annual production and processing of 800000 tons of cobalt sulfide concentrate, the annual gross profit is 24.288 million US dollars, with good economic recovery prospects.

Abstract:In response to the practical need for unmanned upgrading and renovation of the bottom filter of a blast furnace in a certain ironmaking plant, this paper designs and develops an intelligent unmanned overhead crane control system, which has achieved unmanned operation under the full operation process of slag grabbing and transportation for the first time in the ironmaking plant. The system mainly includes the overhead crane electrical control system, overhead crane positioning system, ground equipment control system, overhead crane monitoring system, etc. A novel collaborative scheduling safety control strategy based on dual vehicle linkage is proposed. Based on threading technology, the overhead crane is controlled to reasonably execute scheduling tasks such as waiting, avoiding, or moving, achieving safe and stable collaborative scheduling of two overhead cranes across the same span for the first time. The practical application results show that the automation and informatization level of the unmanned grab bucket crane for the bottom filter of the blast furnace in the renovated ironmaking plant is high. Key indicators such as the stability, synchronization, operation efficiency, and full bucket rate of the grab bucket are better than manual operation. The operation efficiency is increased by about 20%, the energy consumption is reduced by about 10%, and the labor intensity is reduced by about 70%.

Abstract:In view of the fact that there are many low-grade hot water in smelters in the mining industry, such as cooling circulating water of equipment and underground water inflow in mines, in this study, the single-stage and two-stage vapor compression heat pump systems for waste heat recovery is compared, and a calculation model of the thermal performance of the system is developed. Then the energy efficiency of the two systems is compared. The results show that the performance of the two-stage vapor compression heat pump system (TS) is better than that of the single-stage vapor compression heat pump system (SS). When the hot water inlet temperature is 85℃ and the outlet temperature is 115℃, the COP of the TS system is increased by 22.60% compared with the SS system when the hot water inlet temperature is85℃ and the outlet temperature is 115℃, and the COP of the TS system is increased by 21.07% compared with the SS system when the isentropic efficiency is 0.7.

Abstract:At present, the equipment level, process indicators and production operations of domestic flash furnaces have reached the internationally leading level. More and more domestic enterprises are going abroad to promote flash furnace and flash smelting technology. This article analyzes the structure and application status of the flash furnace body; with the evolution of the global economic landscape and changes in the supply and demand structure of the copper concentrate market, more and more Chinese enterprises are participating in the construction and renovation of copper smelting plants abroad, exporting advanced Chinese copper smelting technology and Chinese manufacturing equipment to foreign countries. Based on the characteristics of foreign flash furnace supply projects, this paper compares the differences between domestic and foreign flash furnace supply projects and points out the optimization that all parties involved in the execution of foreign flash furnace supply projects need to make; at the same time, some problems in the installation process of flash furnaces in previous projects were analyzed, and the installation sequence of flash furnaces, as well as the installation points of key parts such as the main frame of the furnace body, reaction tower, sedimentation tank, and rising flue were analyzed and shared.

Abstract:This article discusses the present situation of the multi-lance top-blown converting furnace from the aspects of the furnace body structure, flue duct, lance, and furnace body life, elaborates on the optimization of the furnace body structure, the improvement and setting of the cooling element structure, the breakthrough of the lance technology, the extension of the furnace body life, and the increase of the oxygen-enriched concentration of the injection to increase the processing capacity of the cold material, and points out the development direction of the multi-lance top-blown blowing furnace, especially the establishment of the information model of the multi-lance top blown converting furnace, which helps to shorten the construction period, reduce investment, reduce operating costs, improve product quality and production efficiency, reduce management costs, improve management efficiency, and achieve the dual-carbon goal.