NOUFERROUS METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT

Abstract:Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage devices in the post-lithium era due to their high safety and low cost. The cathode material, which serves as the primary host for storing zinc ions (Zn2-), plays a crucial role in determining the capacity, as well as the long-term durability and energy density. This study summarizes the primary cathode material systems of AZIBs and the challenges, modification strategies. It can provide valuable insights and reference for the advanced cathode materials of AZIBs.

Abstract:Heavy metal ions containing cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb) are usually discharged in industrial production, mine discharge, agricultural activities and urban life. This kind of wastewater is characterized by toxicity, refractory degradation and metabolic difficulties. If not treated, directly discharged, it will cause pollution to soil and water, will be transmitted through the food chain, and will affect human health. This paper summarizes the technology, equipment and process for treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions.

Abstract:Flotation column is widely used because of its good fine particles recovery. The representative fine particle flotation column mainly includes Jameson flotation column, cyclone micro bubble flotation column and direct aeration flotation column. The three flotation columns have their own characteristics in terms of mineralization forms and other aspects, while the last kind is most widely used industrially. It is summarized the latest research and application progress of the above equipment in micro particle flotation area in this paper, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. And finally puts forward some personal thoughts for the development of a new generation of fine particle flotation column.

Abstract:In this study, the determination of iron content in metallic tantalum was achieved using microwave digestion-spectrophotometry method. The experiment investigated sample treatment methods, microwave digestion solvents, and digestion temperatures. The results showed that the best effect for digesting metallic tantalum was achieved at 200℃ using hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and water as solvents. To prevent interference from fluoride and other impurity elements, the experiment optimized the amounts of hydrofluoric acid and tartaric acid-boric acid solution, with optimal amounts being 2mL and 30mL, respectively. Furthermore, the recovery rate of microwave digestion was calculated, ranging from 97.80% to 98.43%, indicating low sample loss and microwave digestion being more suitable as a pretreatment method for metallic tantalum. Additionally, the repeatability of iron content in metallic tantalum was tested, showing that this method has good repeatability with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.89%.

Abstract:In the field of zinc hydrometallurgy, the intelligent stripping unit is the core equipment of the intelligent stripping system. It used to strip the electrodeposited metal zinc sheets on the cathode aluminum plate. This article takes the intelligent stripping unit of the new generation BKAS-32 intelligent zinc stripping system developed by BGRIMM as the research object. Based on the characteristics of asymmetric hydraulic cylinder control system, a mathematical model of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control hydraulic system is established. A hydraulic control system model for the stripping process based on the single neuron control algorithm is designed and simulated. By comparing the simulation results with the traditional PID control system, the superiority of the single neuron control system performance for the stripping process is demonstrated. After on-site application, it has been shown that the bidirectional running speed curve of the stripping tool of the intelligent stripping unit which using the single neuron control algorithm is more smooth. This intelligent stripping unit also has the higher symmetry. The speed difference between the stripping tool on both sides is less than 1%. The single neuron control algorithm greatly increasing the stability of the stripping operation of the intelligent stripping unit.

Abstract:The effects of annealing temperature (220~380℃) on microstructure, mechanical properties, tensile fracture morphology and phase composition of MgAZ31 and Al (1A99) rolle-bonding layers were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), tensile testing machine and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that with the increase of annealing temperatures, magnesium and aluminum atoms gradually diffuse and migrate, and the thickness of diffusion layer increases，from 1.80μm at 220℃ to 45.10μm at 380℃, the growth rate of diffusion layer increases gradually.When the annealing temperature reaches 300℃, dense dimples appear at the fracture, and the fracture type of magnesium matrix changes to plastic fracture. The plasticity of the magnesium matrix is enhanced. The phase at the fracture surface is Mg₂Al₃ phase, and the tensile strength reaches a maximum of 272.35MPa, At this time, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the specimen reach the best, therefore,300℃ is the best annealing temperature.

Abstract:The foam zone is an important section in flotation dynamics, serving as a process for the final separation of useful minerals from gangue minerals. It controls the yield of the product, the grade of the concentrate, and the ultimate recovery rate. In this study, three typical minerals were selected for the analysis and research of their foam characteristics. Through radial foam sampling tests, foam mobility tests, foam load calculations, and reagent system analysis, the foam characteristics of lithium mica, ilmenite, and chalcopyrite were analyzed. Based on these findings, a differentiated approach for forced recovery of foam was proposed, providing guidance for the timely and efficient recovery of flotation foam products.

Abstract:In order to further improve the mercury recovery rate of waste mercury catalysts, this paper studies the physical and chemical properties of waste mercury catalysts, the amount of lime added, the liquid-solid ratio, the temperature, the time and other process indexes that affect the mercury conversion rate and the mercury recovery rate in the pre-treatment process, and the mercury content of waste mercury catalysts averages about 2.5% through the testing of the composition and the surface properties of the waste mercury catalysts, which are formed mainly because of the accumulation of charcoal, sulphur-phosphorus poisoning and other factors. The mercury content of the spent mercury catalysts was about 2.5 per cent on average. Through theoretical calculations, the temperature point of maximum condensation intensity of mercury vapour is 196℃, and the condensation efficiency of mercury vapour in the interval of 20~200℃ (where in the condensation efficiency of mercury in the temperature interval of 170~200℃ is the maximum, which is up to 64.55%) is derived, and when the mercury vapour is condensed to less than 50℃, the mercury vapour can be obtained as 99.03% of mercury vapour condensation. After the test, the optimal process conditions for the pretreatment of waste mercury catalysts were found to be 20% lime addition, liquid-solid ratio of 0.4L/kg, pretreatment reaction temperature of 95℃, and constant temperature for 4 hours. The best high-temperature pyrolysis roasting process conditions are as follows: roasting temperature 900℃, negative pressure in the furnace -50Pa, roasting time 8 hours. Under the above optimal conditions of pretreatment and high-temperature pyrolysis, experiments on the recovery of gaseous mercury under different inlet temperatures of the three-stage condenser were explored, and when the inlet temperature of the first-stage condenser was controlled to be approximately 200℃, the recovery rate of mercury could reach more than 99%.

Abstract:In recent years, the development of pressurized leaching hydrometallurgy engineering towards a larger scale has been hindered by the technological constraints brought about by the large-scale development of supporting equipment. In order to adapt to the large-scale development of the key core equipment of the pressure leaching process-the horizontal reactor, and better ensure the reliability and efficiency of the equipment during use, This article uses CFD fluid simulation software to study the flow field distribution and the relationship between agitator power consumption and aspect ratio of a 300 vertical horizontal reactor used in a certain project under different aspect ratios. Research has shown that increasing the aspect ratio appropriately is beneficial for improving the horizontal flow field characteristics, reducing the aspect ratio is beneficial for improving the vertical flow field characteristics, and reducing the aspect ratio is beneficial for reducing the stirring power. When the aspect ratio is set to 1.08 or 1.13, it can effectively improve the reaction efficiency in the horizontal reactor, reduce costs and system energy consumption.

Abstract:A modular structural design scheme for a new type of robotic drilling end effector has been proposed. The main modular unit structure design, technical characteristics, and technical parameters of the end effector elaborated. Next, FEM static and dynamic analysis calculations were conducted on the overall and main structural components of the end effector, and the analysis results showed that the structural design was scientifically reasonable. At the same time, it further reveals the relationship between the cost and drilling quality of high-speed drilling end effector and their matching robots, which can provide reference for the design of other similar robotic end effector.

Abstract:The primary grading overflow product of copper dressing tailings of Wushan Copper Mine contains 6.39% pyrite, -0.023mm accounting for 86.00%, which belongs to extremely fine-pyrite. In order to reduced the loss of pyrite in tailings and simplified process flow, a special fine flotation equipment was used to recover the pyrite in tailings. In the flotation test，butyl xanthate was used as the collector and BK204 as the foaming agent, the intermediate ore was sequentially returned for a “two coarse, two sweep, and two fine” closed circuit test. The concentrate had an S grade of 46.16% and a recovery rate of 81.25%. The expansion experiment used pre-strength modified slurry and BGRIMM specialized high-efficiency fine particle flotation equipment. After the “two coarse, one sweep, and two fine” operation, the concentrate contents 46.02% pyrite, and the pyrite recovery rate was 85.76%.

Abstract:The paper introduces the mechanism of gallium extraction by ion exchange through resin adsorption method from spent liquor of Bayer process, and the design for the process and structure of the core equipment of ion exchange device. The process and structure of the device are promoted and applied in many alumina enterprises with good effect. It provides the important reference for the design of the core equipment, and also provides the reference for the design of large ion exchange device in hydrometallurgy industry.

Abstract:Based on the principle of “two contact points in the same pole”, a new type of conductive bar between copper electrolyzers was developed, which includes leading bar, insulating board and guiding bar.The material and manufacturing process of the conductive bar were determined, and the production experiment was carried out under the same production conditions.According to the test results: by using this new type of conductive bar, the average temperature of the contact point is reduced by 1.8℃, and the average voltage value of each electrolytic cell is reduced by 9.13mV, which indicating that the conductivity is better.The average copper weight of each cathode is increased by 0.65%, indicating that the current efficiency is increased by 0.65%. the mean variance of the weight of each cathode copper is reduced by 0.15, indicating that the weight fluctuation of each cathode copper is reduced and the conductive uniformity of the plate is better.

Abstract:Company has introduced a set of special equipment from abroad, its system structure is complex and involves a large number of special equipment, in addition to conventional tools in the equipment maintenance process, lots of special tools have been developed, and played a very important role in the daily maintenance work. This paper gives a brief introduction to this equipment, and expounds the importances of the special tools for equipment maintenance. This article also briefly describes the development concept of four sets of special tools for equipment maintenance, and how to effectively solve the difficulties encountered in equipment maintenance through the application of special tools.

Abstract:Taking the research on the flow control of DelaV treatment process with the new algorithm of temperature and pressure compensation as an example, the oxygen-enriched flow is controlled at 3540.73~3651.37Nm3/h in the molten pool manufacturing process based on the new algorithm of temperature and pressure compensation, and at 5456.83~5577.27Nm3/h in the material addition and normal production process. All of them meet the requirements of process indexes, which completely solves the problem of inaccurate control of process oxygen-enriched flow caused by not considering temperature and pressure compensation in traditional current signal processing algorithm. It effectively improves the control accuracy of flammable and explosive gas medium in slag treatment process, realizes accurate batching and slag type control in melting furnace and fuming furnace, and has wide application value in many aspects such as accurate measurement of enterprise equipment and on-site safety.

Abstract:To solve the problems of low production efficiency, unstable quality, and high energy consumption in the metallurgical industry s waste slag harmless treatment projects, this paper proposes a “cloud-IoT metallurgical control platform system” based on cloud computing and the Internet of Things. This system integrates a remote cloud computing center and a local data center. It collects real-time device operation data through the IoT layer, executes optimized decision-making and control functions in the control layer, and provides visual monitoring and command input at the user end. The system design follows the principles of intelligence, security, efficiency, and usability, with key technologies including industrial IoT, cloud-edge collaborative control, big data analysis and machine learning. Compared to traditional systems, this platform has significant advantages in data processing, remote maintenance, and cost-effectiveness. Based on case analysis, the system performs excellently in terms of technical feasibility, economic benefits, and environmental contributions, bringing a new intelligent management and control model to the metallurgical industry. The system also has good scalability and sustainability.