NOUFERROUS METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT

Abstract:The development of high-performance anode materials is a long running theme in the field of advanced materials used for lithium-ion batteries. Compared with commercial graphite anode, silicon is undoubtedly the development direction of the next generation of high-capacity anode materials with the natural advantage of high lithium storage capacity. Although nano-sized silicon has high theoretical specific capacity, low-tap-density and area-load seriously weaken the specific volume capacity and mass capacity. Therefore, designing micron silicon with high tap-density can reveal better comprehensive performance. In this overview, the problems existing in the application of micron silicon are first explained, and then the modification methods of micron silicon structure design, carbon composite and binder design are reviewed, which provides reference for the research of micron silicon.

Abstract:VO is one of the most promising energy materials due to its specific physical and chemical properties. Herein, preparation VOvia the reduction of V₂O₃ in an H₂ atmosphere was presented. The thermodynamic calculation was first performed to ensure the reduction conditions and isothermal reduction experiments were then carried out at 1623K, 1648K, and 1673K under a H₂ gas flow. Thermodynamic calculations results indicated that the reduction of V₂O₃ is mainly affected by temperature and p(H₂)/p(H₂O), and the reaction temperature can be typically decreased with increasing p(H₂)/p(H₂O). The results show that the V₂O₃ reduction process conforms to the unreacted shrinkage core model, and the reaction process can be divided into two steps. The first step is controlled by a chemical reaction, the kinetic equation of the reaction is G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]^1/3, and the apparent activation energy is 107.3kJ·mol-1. The second stage is controlled by gas diffusion. The kinetic equation of the reaction isG(α)=[1-(1-α)^1/3]^1/2, and the apparent activation energy is 45.5kJ·mol^-1. No other intermediate compounds were found in this study. The microanalysis indicated that the as-prepared VO powder is well-crystallized and the surface is compact.

Abstract:The process of calcining petroleum cokevia vertical shaft kiln is complex and requires high energy consumption, with cross coupling operation of material flow and energy flow. By establishing mathematical and physical models for the coordinated operation of material flow and energy flow, the energy consumption process of the system can be effectively analyzed and the irrationality of its energy consumption can be optimized. Through simulation case studies, this paper analyzes the energy consumption characteristics and existing problems of the petroleum coke calcination and waste heat utilization process on vertical shaft kiln, and proposes an optimized new process that improves the ordering degree of subsystems and the coordination degree of the entire system. The summer power generation reaches 12.85MW·h, winter steam production is 59.77t/h, and the synergy degrees of the original system in summer and winter are increased to 0.744 and 0.696, respectively. It also points out the direction and consolidates the theoretical foundation for the future energy conservation and consumption reduction development of carbon plants.

Abstract:Aiming at the problems of low automation level and high risk of firebrick disassembly in traditional industrial smelting furnace, a set of intelligent remote-control system was developed for multifunctional manipulator in front of furnace. Using Lora wireless communication technology as the wireless protocol for the communication between the remote control and the brick remover, the wireless transceiver module is developed, which realizes the remote control and has strong anti-interference ability. Equipped with 18650 lithium battery, and designed the power supply circuit for the remote-control hardware system power supply voltage 3.6V, can be long-term stable output. STM32F103RCT chip of ARM architecture is used as the main controller of the remote control, and simple and efficient peripheral circuit of the chip, auxiliary circuit such as instruction signal monitoring and filtering are built. By means of segmental algorithm, the direct rocker instruction is transformed into actual instruction signal which meets the requirements of low speed accurate positioning and fast response. The remote control system has been applied to practical projects and is of great significance to improve the automatic level of firebrick disassembly in industrial smelting furnace.

Abstract:The development of coal mine intelligence provides new perspectives for enhancing mine safety assurance capabilities. However, research on the perception method of coal mine disasters is still insufficient, and it is difficult to effectively perceive the stage of disaster development, and then the prevention and control measures taken are not targeted to the stage of disaster development. To address these issues, this paper proposes a coal mine disaster perception method based on the analysis of disaster evolution characteristics. By studying the development mechanism of mine disasters, the evolution stages of disasters are delineated, transition conditions of each stage are identified, and controlling factors are recognized. Combining correlation analysis methods, sensitive indicators are selected for perceiving the stages of disaster development. Using the coal mine water inrush accident triggered by fault activation as an example, experimental verification of the disaster perception method is conducted. The results indicate that sensitive characteristics reflecting the degree of evolution of the fault activation water inrush accident vary with the advancement of the working face. Therefore, perception methods based on evolutionary feature analysis hold promise for providing reference for perceiving the stages of coal mine disaster development.

Abstract:The main component of secondary zinc oxide soot is zinc oxide, which is easy to leach and has a high zinc recovery rate. However, with the increase of elements such as fluorine and chlorine, it has a significant impact on the later zinc leaching and electrowinning process control. Efficient removal of fluorine and chlorine from zinc oxide ash has become a key focus of research in the zinc smelting industry. A single factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of factors such as liquid-solid ratio, leaching temperature, leaching time, and pH value on the removal rate of Cl and the loss rate of Zn in secondary zinc oxide ash produced by lead smelting, using water and sodium carbonate as leaching agents. The process optimization parameters were determined to be: alkaline leaching with sodium carbonate, liquid-solid ratio of 8∶1, leaching temperature of 45℃, leaching time of 100 minutes, and pH value of 11.0. Under these optimization parameters, the chlorine removal rate reached 87.43%, the zinc loss rate is 0.5%.

Abstract:The total copper grade of a copper sulfide in Africa is 2.085%, and the copper oxide grade is 0.151%. In order to determine the process flow and technical conditions suitable for the effective recovery of copper minerals in the ore and ensure the grade and recovery rate of copper concentrate, the flotation test was carried out. The results show that under the condition of grinding fineness of -0.074mm accounting for 67%, the process flow of one roughing, two sweeping and two cleaning is adopted. The flotation agent uses sodium sulfide as flotation regulator (activation and pulping). Mixed xanthate+butyl ammonium black powder was used as trapping agent, and 2^# oil was used as foaming agent.Finally, the copper concentrate with a copper grade of 31.24% and a copper recovery of 91.40% was obtained.

Abstract:In addressing the issue of load fluctuations encountered by the cutting head of the EBH-150 type horizontal axis tunneling machine during the excavation process, this study employed a hybrid Particle-Ant Colony Optimization algorithm to refine the design of the existing parabolic-shaped cutting head. By utilizing the numerical simulation software Matlab, a multi-objective optimization of the arrangement parameters of the cutter teeth was conducted, aiming to diminish load fluctuations and enhance the operational stability of the tunneling machine. The optimization outcomes revealed that the spacing of the cutting lines was adjusted to gradually decrease from the exterior towards the interior, resulting in a more uniform distribution of force on each cutter tooth. There was a 62% reduction in lateral load fluctuations, and significant reductions in load fluctuations in other directions as well, all exceeding 50%. These enhancements effectively improved the stability of the machines lateral cutting entry and contributed to extending the lifespan of the cutting head. Although there was an increase in the average load in certain directions following the optimization, the peak load values decreased, preventing the overload phenomenon of individual cutter teeth. Overall, the optimization design achieved desirable results, yet its efficacy still requires validation through practical application. This research provides effective algorithmic support for the optimization design of tunneling machine cutting heads and holds significant implications for improving the work efficiency and safety performance of tunneling machines.

Abstract:Compared with lithium cobalt oxide cathode material, nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) cathode material has the advantages of low cost, good environmental protection, high capacity and good cycle performance, and is known as the third-generation lithium ion battery cathode material. Wet-to-dry material process of ternary material mainly includes filtration, aging, washing, drying, transportation and other processes. Combined with the actual project, this paper introduces a main equipment with plate and frame filter press as washing process, which is combined with the valve station, instrument and control system, and transported through the screw to the dry area until the packaging stage. The washing process involves the processes of pulp feeding, pressing, washing, blow drying and conveying. It overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional washing method, which requires a large number of on-site personnel intervention, cumbersome operation and unstable indicators, and has achieved good results in practical application. It realizes the unsupervised and automatic control of the ternary lithium-ion battery cathode precursor washing system, stabilizes the production process and reduces the workload of on-site personnel.

Abstract:This article proposes a high-resolution feature detection method for steel surface defects based on HRNet (High Resolution Net) to address the limited practical application and research of semantic segmentation algorithms in steel defect detection, as well as the low accuracy of traditional semantic segmentation methods in defect segmentation. The method adopts a multi-level network parallel framework to maintain high-resolution features, extracts high-resolution features with strong position sensitivity through parallel multi-resolution convolution and repeated multi-resolution fusion mechanisms, and combines HRNet to perform freeze training and migration learning on the enhanced dataset, ultimately achieving high-precision segmentation of steel surface defect images. The experiment shows that this method has a good segmentation effect on steel defects, with an average intersection to union ratio (MIOU) index and an average pixel accuracy (MPA) index of 94.92% and 97.64%, respectively.

Abstract:When high-power motors are connected to an isolated power grid, soft starting, frequency converters, etc. are generally used to improve the starting performance of the motor and the stability of the power supply. At the same time, reactive power compensation devices are installed to improve the power factor of the power supply system and reduce line losses. However, if the selection of soft start or frequency converter is improper, or the reactive power compensation configuration is unreasonable, voltage fluctuations, power oscillations and power supply quality decreased, and even safety issues may occur. The article takes the power supply system of a certain water supply pumping station as the research object. Firstly, the power supply system of the pumping station is introduced, followed by an analysis of the electrical faults that occurred during the commissioning process of the pumping station. Then, the optimization of the high-power motor starting scheme and the setting of the reactive power compensation device in the isolated power grid are discussed. Based on the actual situation of the project, it is proposed to organically combine the solid-state soft starter with the real-time reactive power compensation system. The use of a suitable capacity real-time reactive power compensation system can reduce the starting current of the high-power motor and the voltage drop of the power grid, which can effectively solve the problem of poor power quality during the startup of the high-power motor in the distribution system of the isolated power station. At the same time, several alternative solutions for the power supply system of the pumping station are also proposed for reference. Finally, several suggestions are given.

Abstract:The drainage system of mining well water storage often uses self-suction sewage pumps to discharge sewage. During the drainage period, personnel need to manually open the water pump and valves, and real-time monitoring of the drainage status of the water pump is required. Otherwise, when the sewage in the water storage tank is discharged, if the water pump and valves are not closed in time, it will cause a series of faults such as motor burning and mechanical seal damage of the pump head. In response to this situation, this article has carried out automation control transformation on the sewage discharge system of the mining well water storage tank. On the basis of the original drainage system, relevant components such as electric eccentric hemisphere valve, water level sensor, mixer, and electrical control system have been added. The signal of the water level sensor is used to electrically control the start and stop of the water pump and the switch of the valve. At the same time, the installation process has been optimized and debugged, achieving drainage automation. After comparative analysis, the system failure rate has decreased by 60%, and the on-site use effect is significant, reducing the workload of maintenance personnel and effectively improving the safety and stability of mine drainage.

Abstract:In response to the problems of low work efficiency, low level of automation, and low level of informatization brought about by manual cutting and cutting of traditional steel plates, the paper studies and designs two intelligent cutting and cutting production lines, namely fixed cutting platform type and tray exchange workbench, to achieve automation of steel plate entry and exit, cutting and loading and unloading, logistics transportation, parts sorting and other process links. The intelligent central control system connects various process links in the cutting workshop, the cutting workshop, and the upper level information system of the enterprise. A comparative study was conducted on two intelligent cutting and cutting production lines, and important reference conclusions were obtained. According to the actual production data of intelligent cutting and cutting materials put into operation by a leading engineering machinery manufacturer, statistical research and analysis show that compared to traditional manual cutting, the production efficiency of the intelligent cutting and cutting line has doubled, reducing personnel by more than 50%.

Abstract:The PLC, computer network, switches and other equipment used in modern ropeway electrical control systems are mainly based on ultra-large-scale electronic integrated circuit manufacturing technology. Because of the large number of CMOS semiconductor integrated modules, the ability to withstand overcurrent and high voltage is reduced, but safety requirements are high. Equipment and facilities are exposed in the open air and the transmission lines are long, which increases the difficulty of lightning prevention and increases the probability of the control system being struck by lightning. By transforming the traditional lightning protection technology of Huangshan Yungu Cableway and combining it with the latest lightning prediction and early warning technology, the damage caused by lightning to the cableway has been reduced by 10% to 20%, which has played a very good role in improving the lightning protection effect of the cableway.