NOUFERROUS METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT

Abstract:As countries around the world rely excessively on fossil fuels, leading to increasing CO₂ gas emissions in the atmosphere, Li-CO₂ batteries, as a clean energy source, can capture CO2 in the air and convert it into electricity and have high energy density, and are known as the next generation of energy storage devices. However, since Li-CO₂ batteries produce a wide band gap insoluble substance Li₂CO3 during discharge, which leads to the need for higher charging voltage for decomposition during charging, researchers have focused on developing cathode materials that can effectively decompose the discharge products. This paper summarizes the research progress of heterogeneous cathode materials for Li-CO₂ batteries, and introduces the characteristics of heterogeneous cathode materials, and summarizes the current status and challenges of their development as well as the future development trends. This paper provides a reference for the development of efficient and reversible Li-CO₂ batteries.

Abstract:Low-carbon, environmental-friendly and high efficiency are the main melody of the 21st century. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with cheap and easily available raw material have attracted the attention of many researchers of energy conversion and reserve equipment because of their ultra-high energy density (2500Wh·kg^-1). However, the reaction kinetic of Li-S batteries is slow due to their insulating active material and inevitable shuttle effect during the cycle process, which leads to many problems including poor cycle rate capability and low Coulombic efficiency. Researchers have found transition metal phosphides (TMPs) with good electrical conductivity and dual adsorption-conversion ability to polysulfide (LiPSs). Herein, the research progress of design and synthesis methods and electrochemical properties of different transition metal phosphide materials used in lithium-sulfur battery cathode will be introduced, and the future development of these materials will be prospected.

Abstract:With the wide application of lithium-ion batteries, the output of a large number of discarded lithium-ion batteries has increased year by year. Due to the low capacity of negative electrode materials (≈175mAh·g^-1) and the need for high working potential, silicon negative electrode materials are still in the research stage, so it is of great practical significance to efficiently recycle and directly regenerate a large number of graphite negative electrodes of retired lithium-ion batteries. For this reason, this paper introduces the research status of recycling of graphite anode materials for waste lithium ion batteries in recent years, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of common recycling methods for waste graphite anode materials, mainly including fire recycling, wet recycling and material recycling, and looks forward to the efficient and green recycling of graphite anode materials for waste lithium ion batteries.

Abstract:One-dimensional nanostructure materials are mainly silicon nanowires and silicon nanotubes, And silicon nanowires, as a typical representative of one-dimensional silicon nanowaterials, Not only has all the special properties of semiconductors, It also shows different physical properties such as field emission, thermal conductivity and visible light luminescence from ordinary silicon materials, In many popular aspects, such as nanoelectronic devices, optoelectronic devices, Especially in the new energy field, as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted wide attention in the world, Because its one-dimensional geometry adapts to the bulk changes of silicon during cycling, And can easily make electronic transfer at all operation stages, Therefore, it has great potential application value, It has become the hot spot and frontier in the field of scientific research in the world today. However, the large-scale control preparation of nanowires is still a difficult problem. The paper introduces the design, synthesis method and electrochemical performance of one-dimensional silicon nanowire structure, and discusses the improvement mechanism of lithium storage performance.

Abstract:Halide perovskite materials, as the research hotspot of photovoltaic materials and light-emitting materials, have also attracted much attention in the field of electrochemistry due to their outstanding ion diffusivity, high defect tolerance and wide electrochemical window. In this paper, the main synthesis methods of 113 type perovskite and its electrochemical properties as anode materials are briefly introduced. Through reviewing the research progress of lithium storage, the existing problems and feasible solutions are discussed.

Abstract:Sustainable hydrogen production is a necessary prerequisite for the realization of the hydrogen economy. In recent years， transition metal functionalized heteroatom-doped carbon nanocomposites， have attracted a lot of attention from researchers because of their advantages in the field of electrocatalysis. Among them， boron （B） and nitrogen （N） heteroatom co-doped nanocomposites show great advantages over other heteroatom-doped or undoped carbon nanocomposites in the catalysis of hydrogen production by splitting water. This review focuses on the design， preparation， and strategies to improve the catalytic performance of transition metal functionalized B， N heteroatom-doped carbon nanocomposites for hydrogen production by splitting water in recent years. The wide range of applications of these specially structured nanomaterials as potential electrocatalysts is considered. Finally， an outlook on the development of B， N-doped carbon nanocomposite electrocatalysts is provided.

Abstract:Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-SOFC) is an all-solid-state energy convertor, which can directly convert the chemical energy stored in solid carbon fuel into electricity, which demonstrates superior electrical efficiency and fuel utilization compared to other types of fuel cells. Nevertheless, using carbon directly as fuels still faces several challenges, like low carbon electrooxidation activity, sluggish mass transfer and limited triple phase boundaries in the anode side. Wherein, the anode reaction plays a vital role in determining the electrochemical performance of the DC-SOFC. In the paper, novel perovskite materials towards the application of anodes for DC-SOFC are introduced detailedly. This paper provides an important reference and guidance for the design and investigation of the anode materials for DC-SOFC.

Abstract:This paper reviews the development background and basic principle of low-temperature plasma technology and its main research progress in the field of lithium-ion power battery materials and applications, and focuses on the main research results of plasma technology in the material design and modification of various parts of lithium-ion power battery, and summarizes the existing technical problems and challenges. At the same time, the future application direction is also predicted.

Abstract:As a kind of extremely imperative ligand molecules, complexes containing the imidazolyl and its derivatives, can form host-guest compound with a considerable number of host metallic ions by different coordination modes. Simultaneously, these compound show extensive application prospect in many fields, such as ion recognition, fluorescent material, drug design, magnetic material, self-assembly, gas adsorption and catalyst exploitation. The present review mainly focused on the research progress of complexes containing the imidazolyl and its derivatives during, with details regarding with the synthetic methods and applications of novel compounds, proposing the prospects for future development trend.

Abstract:With LiH₂PO₄ and Mn powder as raw material, PVA as carbon source, uniform distribution and high reactivity precursor of [Mn₃(PO4)₂·_xH₂O+Li₃PO₄] was prepared by mechanical liquid activation precipitation method. Then carbon coating LiMnPO₄ material was obtained after roasting of as-prepared precursor. LiMnPO₄/C has poor rate capability and cycling performance. Therefore, Mn-site substitution Li(Mn_0.95Fe_0.05)_1-xM_xPO₄/C（M=Cr³⁺,V⁵⁺,Ti⁴⁺） was conducted by doping different valency ions. Among these alternatives, Li(Mn_0.95Fe_0.05)_0.99Ti_0.01PO₄/C with Ti doping exhibits the highest discharge rate capacity of 134mAh·g^-1 (0.05C). Under the optimization conditions, Li(Mn_0.95Fe_0.05)_0.96Ti_0.01Mg_0.03PO₄/C displays discharge rate capacity of 141 and 108mAh·g^-1, at 0.1C and 1C, respectively. At 2C, the cycle discharge rate capacity is maintained well, with 74mAh·g^-1 after 40 times cycling, which demonstrates the good rate performance and cycle stability.

Abstract:Titanium nitride (TiN) has garnered much attention as a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its abundance， non-toxicity， low cost and stable chemical properties. However， the poor ionic and electronic conductivities of TiN anode materials pose great challenges in satisfying the requirements of high energy-density batteries. In this paper， Co-doped TiN nanoparticles loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon was designed and prepared by sol-gel methods. The graphitization degree of carbon can be regulated by adding the difference amount of dicyandiamide (DCDA). Compared with the other prepared anode material， Ti_0.95Co_0.05N/NC exhibit higher specific capacity， and a high capacity retention of 530mAh·g^-1 after 120 cycles at 100mA·g^-1 current density.

Abstract:In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have become an integral part of portable electronics and electric vehicles. LiNi_0.5Mn1.₅O₄(LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄), as a positive material, has attracted much attention due to its high energy density (650W·h·kg^-1), high operating voltage (4.7V), low manufacturing cost and good security. However, the LNMO positive electrode has the problems of poor cycling performance and capacity degradation at high temperature. Surface coating technology is considered to be a promising solution system. In this paper, the research progress of LNMO cathode coating is reviewed from the aspects of coating materials and methods.

Abstract:In the process of hydrometallurgy of zinc, copper and cadmium in the solution of zinc sulfate are replaced by zinc powder, and vacuum distillation is an important process for comprehensive recovery and utilization of high cadmium slag. In this paper, the modified molecular interaction volume model (M-MIVM) is used to predict the activity of Cd-Cu-Zn alloy, and on this basis, the vapor-liquid equilibrium of Cd-Cu-Zn alloy during vacuum distillation is predicted. The results show that the total average standard deviation of M-MIVM is 0.0037 in the comparison between the experimental value of activity in the binary alloy and the calculated value of the model, which has better accuracy and stability than the traditional local composition model. This study can provide more accurate basic thermodynamic data for the production of high-purity cadmium and the comprehensive recovery and utilization of crude cadmium; at the same time, it also provides a theoretical basis for predicting the vapor-liquid equilibrium calculation of vacuum distillation.

Abstract:For the widespread use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, it is crucial to enhance the oxygen reduction (ORR) performance of non-noble metal catalysts. By using a simple one-pot method, we have synthesized a catalyst for Fe-doped cobalt phosphate nanoparticles in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes ((Co_xFe_1-x)₂P@NCNTs). It is found that Fe ions can promote electron transfer, enhance the synergistic interaction between ((Co_xFe_1-x)₂P and N-doped carbon nanotubes, indirectly regulate the content of pyridine nitrogen and defect sites in nitrogen doped carbon materials, and thus improve the ORR catalytic performance of Co₂P-based catalysts in acidic electrolytes. In comparison to Co₂P@NCNTs, the onset potential, half-wave potential, and limit current are significantly higher, and the methanol resistance and stability are both greater.

Abstract:With its ultra-high energy density (2600Wh·kg-1), lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered one of the potential candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the practical application of LSBs is currently limited by issues such as the lithium polysulphide (LiPSs) shuttle effect, continuous electrolyte decomposition, and lithium dendrite growth. These challenges are mainly related to the cathode structural framework, the reactivity of the lithium anode, and the redox reactions that occur at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Well-designed positive structure, development of new electrolytes, and anode protection have been successively investigated to improve the electrochemical performance of LSBs. In this paper, relevant research to overcome the challenges of LSBs, such as the design and preparation of cathode sulfur carriers, the development of new electrolytes, the modification of separators/intercalation of functional layers, the protection of lithium anodes and the latest research progress in the industrialization of LSBs, will be systematically discussed. Finally, a summary and perspectives are provided for the practical application of LSBs.

Abstract:Ni-rich ternary cathode material (Ni≥60%) has become one of the most promising battery materials due to its high energy density, low toxicity, low pollution and low price. At present, most of the commercial Ni-rich ternary cathode materials are agglomerated polycrystalline materials. Polycrystalline materials will produce microcracks due to the volume expansion, which result in more side effects between cathode materials and electrolyte, then, cause structural collapse. The research shows that microcracks are the main reason for the capacity decline of Ni-rich ternary cathode materials (Ni≥60%). Single-crystal cathode materials can solve the problem due to the absence of internal grain boundaries. In addition, because of the high compaction density and good thermal stability, the single crystal Ni-rich ternary cathode material has attracted the attention of experts and scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, based on the current situation of single-crystal Ni-rich cathode materials industry, the different preparation methods are summarized, which provides reference for the cutting-edge layout of enterprises.