NOUFERROUS METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT

Crystalline carbonates, characterized by their distinctive morphologies and narrow particle size distributions, hold significant applications in fields such as ink manufacturing, electronics, and military technologies. Carbonation methods have emerged as a critical process for synthesizing crystalline carbonates due to their simplicity, controllability, low cost, and ability to produce metal compounds with tailored physical properties. This review systematically outlines existing carbonation technologies, categorizing them into direct bubbling and microbubble-enhanced methods based on CO₂ introduction strategies. Key factors influencing the carbonation process are elaborated, including carbonation temperature, CO₂ flow rate and concentration, solution concentration, additives, stirring speed, and pH values. Furthermore, the review highlights typical applications of carbonation techniques, such as the preparation of calcium carbonate, nano-silica, basic magnesium carbonate, and rare-earth carbonates. Finally, future prospects and trends in carbonation-based synthesis of crystalline carbonates are discussed.