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Industrial hydrogen pipelines serve a crucial function in the hydrogen energy supply chain, while hydrogen-induced material failures present substantial safety concerns. The study conducts a systematic analysis of hydrogen-induced damage mechanisms in pipeline materials, with particular emphasis on elucidating the microscopic processes and influencing factors of both hydrogen embrittlement (low-temperature hydrogen damage) and hydrogen corrosion (high-temperature chemical reactions). Through comparative evaluation of domestic and international standards, hydrogen compatibility differences among common materials including carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel are assessed. The analysis demonstrates that low-carbon steel is appropriate for medium- and low-pressure applications, whereas austenitic stainless steel represents the optimal solution for high-pressure and high-purity hydrogen environments. By incorporating engineering case studies from fossil fuel-based hydrogen production, industrial by-product hydrogen, and renewable energy-based hydrogen production systems, comprehensive material selection strategies and protective measures are developed. The research findings establish a theoretical framework for standardized design and safe operation of hydrogen pipeline materials, while providing valuable insights for improving the lightweight characteristics and reliability of hydrogen infrastructure.