Sustainable Mining and Metallurgy

The application progress of secondary lead pyrometallurgical process in China was introduced. The principles and process flow of pyrometallurgical processes were detailed, including conventional pyrometallurgical process (such as reverberatory furnace smelting and blast furnace smelting), short kiln smelting, combined smelting, side-blowing bath smelting, bottom-blowing bath smelting, top-blowing bath smelting, etc., and a systematic comparison among these processes in terms of advantages and disadvantages was made. Moreover, a representation was given that the modern intensified bath smelting technology has become a development trend of secondary lead metallurgy in China and has pushed the technical upgrade of secondary lead metallurgical process in China. Side-blowing smelting, bottom-blowing smelting and top-blowing smelting process have become the preferred process of new secondary lead smelting project.